The techniques of CPR provide basic life support (BLS) in all cases of respiratory and cardiac arrest. The two must be coordinated so that there is regular and uninterrupted circulation of blood and aeration of the lungs.ĬPR is a psychomotor skill and all health care providers should keep their certification current in order to be proficient in this procedure in case of emergency. Compressions should be maintained for one-half second the same length of time is allowed for the relaxation period.Ĭhest compression is always accompanied by rescue breathing. When the pressure is released, blood is allowed to flow into the heart. This raises intrathoracic pressure and produces the output of blood from the heart. For a normal-sized adult, sufficient force is used to depress the sternum about 4 to 5 cm (1½ to 2 in). This consists of rhythmic applications of pressure on the lower half of the sternum (NOT on the xiphoid process, which may injure the liver). If there is no pulse, compression of the chest is begun. The third element of CPR is circulation, which begins by establishing the presence or absence of a pulse. Once the airway is open, rescue breathing is started by means of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (see artificial respiration). Cardiorespiratory endurance definition manual#This is done by one or more of the following methods: back blows, manual chest thrusts, and finger sweeps. If there is no evidence of spontaneous breathing, the rescuer corrects obstruction of the airway by a foreign body, when this is indicated. This is accomplished by lifting the chin up and back and bringing the mandible forward. Opening the airway and determining by look, sound, and feel is the first step for determining whether the person will be able to resume unassisted breathing. Once it has been established that a person is in need of CPR, the rescuer immediately begins the “ABC's” of CPR: Airway, Breathing, and Circulation. The public in general should also be encouraged to learn CPR for use in emergency situations. All health care providers should receive instruction and practice in CPR under the direction of a qualified instructor. If breathing and circulation are not restored within this period of time, irreversible brain damage occurs and “biological death” takes place.Īlthough CPR is strongly recommended as a life-saving measure, it is not without danger specific risks include rib fracture, damage to the liver or heart, and puncture of lungs or large blood vessels. Within four to six minutes the cells of the brain, which are the most sensitive to lack of oxygen, begin to deteriorate. At the moment breathing and heart action stop, “clinical death” ensues. These are begun as quickly as possible prompt action is essential for successful outcome. The preliminary steps of CPR, as defined by the American Heart Association, are (1) calling for help (2) establishing unresponsiveness in the victim by tapping or gently shaking and shouting at him or her (3) positioning the victim in a supine position on a hard surface (4) giving two breaths and (5) checking the pulse. This procedure is an essential component of basic life support (BLS), basic cardiac life support (BCLS), and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) the manual application of chest compressions and ventilations to patients in cardiac arrest, done in an effort to maintain viability until advanced help arrives.
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